Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by an elongated pulp chamber, displaced toward the apical floor of the tooth with no constriction at the level of the cemento-enamel junction, and short roots. It most frequently affects permanent molar teeth. Taurodontism increases the risk of pulp exposure. It can be isolated or associated with certain syndromes such as Down syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, and Klinefelter syndrome (see these terms).